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March 2014 issue
Cover illustration: Three-dimensional shaded surface plot for trigonal tellurium in a study of the local structure of amorphous tellurium, which shows the correlation between the coordination number and the Debye-Waller factor in EXAFS analysis (see Ikemoto and Miyanaga, pages 409-412). The colour and surface height are proportional to the R-factor.
facility information
research papers
Coherence properties of a radially symmetric source are rigorously computed by means of the Wigner distribution function.
Quantitative results from a systematic study on different low-pressure RF plasma cleaning processes of carbon contaminations are presented.
The performance of a cryogenically cooled double-crystal silicon monochromator was studied under high-heat-load conditions with total absorbed powers and power densities ranging from 8 to 780 W and from 8 to 240 W mm−2, respectively. When the temperature of the first crystal is maintained close to the temperature of zero thermal expansion of silicon, the monochromator shows nearly ideal performance with a thermal slope error of 0.6 µrad.
An illustration of the energy-compensation principle of grating dispersion applied to a resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurement.
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Position and size measurements of a micro-focused X-ray beam, using an X-ray beam imaging device based on a lensless camera that collects radiation scattered from a thin foil placed in the path of the beam at an oblique angle, are reported.
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A new diffractometer for microcrystallography has been developed for the three macromolecular crystallography beamlines of the Swiss Light Source.
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The design and performance of a new soft X-ray beamline BL07LSU at SPring-8 are described. The combination of a novel segmented cross undulator and beamline monochromator has achieved high energy resolution (E/ΔE > 10000) and high photon flux [>1012 photons s−1 (0.01% bandwidth)−1] in the photon energy range 250–2000 eV with fully controllable polarization.
Simulations reveal that a cryogenic Si monochromator is suitable for high power density and high fractional coherence energy-recovery linac beamlines with small thermal deformation and small wavefront distortion.
A compact transmission X-ray microscope with superior thermal and mechanical stability is described.
A new concept for shortening hard X-ray pulses emitted from a third-generation synchrotron source down to few picoseconds is presented. The device, called the PicoSwitch, exploits the dynamics of coherent acoustic phonons in a photo-excited thin film.
In situ pulsed laser deposition synchrotron characterization for the detection of the domain formation during the growth of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 on MgO is presented.
ReflEXAFS study of surface and buried interfaces in the reaction between NiO and Al2O3 using the CARD code.
Dual loop active feedback stabilization of the position and monochromatic flux of the beam at the output of a double-crystal monochromator is described. The efficacy of the proposed stabilization system is demonstrated in EXAFS spectroscopy measurements on inhomogeneous diluted Ti-containing samples.
The local structure of amorphous tellurium was investigated by EXAFS. The primary chain structure remains intact, whereas the secondary structure is disrupted. The decrease in the inter-chain interaction strengthens the intra-chain interaction.
The X-ray mass attenuation coefficients of silver were measured in the energy range 5–20 keV with an accuracy of 0.01–0.2% on a relative scale down to 5.3 keV, and of 0.09–1.22% on an absolute scale to 5.0 keV, confirming that with careful choice of foil thickness and careful correction for systematics the X-ray attenuation of high-Z elements can be measured with high accuracy even at low X-ray energies.
Key parameters of two-phase flows, such as void fraction and microscale bubble size, shape and velocity, were simultaneously measured using time-resolved X-ray imaging.
The feasibility of propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging of small animal lungs has been investigated at the Imaging and Medical beamline (IMBL) of the Australian Synchrotron, including computed tomography and X-ray velocimetry. Excellent contrast of the lung phantoms indicates that live animal lung imaging can readily be achieved at the IMBL.
short communications
The evaluation of a focusing property of a multilayer zone plate is reported. The point spread function of the focusing beam is obtained using conventional knife-edge scanning measurements and a tomographic reconstruction.
Taking into account background correction and using Fourier analysis, a numerical method of reconstructed object image correction using a dynamical diffraction Fraunhofer hologram is discussed.
beamlines
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A new bending-magnet beamline with a 2.5 m normal-incidence monochromator mainly dedicated to photoluminescence measurements of solids has been constructed at the UVSOR-III.
computer programs
An application of the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm for image stack alignment in full-field X-ray absorption spectroscopy is described and a Python-OpenCL implementation of this algorithm is presented.
laboratory notes
A versatile high-pressure gas rig with controlled flow for on-line catalysis experiments has been developed.
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