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March 2017 issue
Cover illustration: Photograph of the large-solid-angle X-ray Raman spectrometer at ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, as installed in the experimental hutch (see Huotari, Sahle, Henriquet, Al-Zein, Martel, Simonelli, Verbeni, Gonzalez, Lagier, Ponchut, Moretti Sala, Krisch and Monaco, pages 521-530). The spectrometer can be used to measure XANES and EXAFS of soft X-ray absorption edges using hard X-ray inelastic X-ray scattering, and features capability for direct tomography imaging.
facility information
research papers
Linear and non-linear effects that could be evidenced in one-dimensional photonic crystals with ultra-short and ultra-intense X-ray free-electron radiation pulses are presented.
An infrared (IR) optical layout directly integrated into a synchrotron dipole chamber and compatible with multi-bend achromat lattices is proposed. This is shown to provide intense and almost aberration-free focused IR radiation beams.
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A comprehensive ray-transfer matrix formalism for the use and design of compound refractive lens-based X-ray microscopes is presented, including closed analytical expressions for key optical parameters. These form the basis of an optimization, which reveals that thick-lens imaging geometries are ideal in terms of spatial resolution and achromaticity.
Open access
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New design criteria have been established for GlidCop® based upon the thermomechanically induced fatigue behavior of the material.
Point focusing measurements using pairs of directly bonded crossed multilayer Laue lenses are reported.
The magnetic design of a ten-period (each period 14 mm) prototype superconducting undulator is reported using RADIA, and the results of magnetic flux density modelling are presented in an analytical formula.
The performances of new travelling-heater-method-grown CZT detectors, recently developed at IMEM-CNR (Parma, Italy), are presented. The detectors, characterized by low leakage currents at room temperature (4.7 nA cm−2 at 1000 V cm−1), allow good room-temperature operation even at high bias voltages (>7000 V cm−1).
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Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction was used to follow the reduction of UO2 to U in LiCl–KCl eutectic. A novel electrochemical cell was designed and constructed in order to follow molten-salt electrochemical investigations in situ.
The surface-sensitive performance of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy via differential electron yield is demonstrated using a thickness-defined SiO2 (12.4 nm)/Si sample. The Si K-edge EXAFS spectrum suggests an analysis depth of approximately 4.2 nm, and the derived first nearest neighbor (Si—O) distance was 1.63 Å, which is within the reported values of SiO2.
A compact and portable magnet system for measuring magnetic circular dichroism in resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering has been developed. Brief experimental results obtained by the developed magnet system are presented to demonstrate its capability.
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Characterization of uranium accumulated in the micro-regions of renal tubules of rats exposed to uranyl acetate was examined by micro-X-ray absorption fine-structure analysis and the results showed the possible biotransformation of uranium in this in vivo system.
A comparative study of the effects of organic and inorganic Pb on Pb localization and speciation in plants was performed using synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near-edge structure. The results indicate that low-molecular-weight organo-Pb complexes inhibit primary root growth and lateral root development and are also more likely to be stopped in root hairs to protect the plant from Pb toxicity.
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Use of convolutional neural networks for automated calibration of rotation axes is described.
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An algorithm to simultaneously increase the spatial and statistical accuracy of X-ray Raman scattering based tomographic images is presented.
The phase-contrast synchrotron radiation microtomography technique has been employed for nondestructive imaging of the internal microstructure of rat spinal cord, such as white matter, gray matter, micovasculars and nerve fibers. It was confirmed that this technique has the potential to be a powerful tool for the comprehensive characterization of physiological and pathophysiological characteristics of various neurovascular and neurodegeneration diseases.
A modified equally sloped reconstruction algorithm has been proposed, which can achieve high-quality reconstructions from projections with limited-angle, few-view and noisy data.
Open access
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A comparison of different schemes for probe characterization of an X-ray nano-probe in a near-field imaging setting is presented.
short communications
A novel system for automatically masking two-dimensional area detector data is presented.
beamlines
The bending-magnet beamline BL16B1, dedicated to small-angle X-ray scattering at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, is described. The detailed beamline performance on absolute scattering intensity calibration and protein molecular weight determination is demonstrated.
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An end-station for X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy at beamline ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is described, dedicated to the study of shallow core electronic excitations using non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.
computer programs
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A software package for the analysis of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering data acquired with two-dimensional detectors is presented.
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A new framework for comprehensive simulation of X-ray computed tomography and tomography quality assessment is described.
addenda and errata
Free
Corrections to the paper by Honkanen et al. (2014). [J. Synchrotron Rad. 21, 104–110] are made.
