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September 2012 issue
Cover illustration: Two-dimensional grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction pattern from a 15 nm-thick rubrene crystalline thin film grown on the surface of a tetracene single crystal, collected while rotating the sample by a full turn about the normal to the sample surface (see Fumagalli, Campione, Raimondo, Sassella, Moret, Barba and Arrighetti, pages 682-687). The colour bar shown in the figure represents the diffracted intensity scale in arbitrary units. On the image are superimposed the calculated positions of the diffraction spots from polycrystalline TEN with the (001) planes parallel to the sample surface (green circles), and from polycrystalline RUB with the (200) planes parallel to the sample surface (black circles), along with the Miller indices of the most relevant spots.
facility information
research papers
The optical design of the X-Treme beamline together with commissioning measurements and research examples are presented. The beamline is dedicated to polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the soft X-ray energy range at high magnetic fields and low temperature.
Seven different multilayer samples have been investigated to find an ideal multilayer structure for the energy range between 6 keV and 20 keV in terms of energy resolution and reflectivity.
Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction measurements are used to study the structural properties of rubrene crystalline thin films. The use of this technique allows us to determine the crystalline structure of the film and to determine the epitaxial relationship with the substrate, demonstrating also its uniqueness.
The mechanical deformation of a SiGe island by a specially adapted atomic force microscope was monitored in situ by three-dimensional reciprocal-space mapping employing nanofocused X-ray diffraction.
A fluctuation X-ray scattering experiment has been carried out on platinum-coated gold nanoparticles randomly oriented on a substrate. A complete algorithm for determining the electron density of an individual particle from diffraction patterns of many particles randomly oriented about a single axis is demonstrated.
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The new instrument for ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the Swedish synchrotron radiation facility MAX IV Laboratory is presented. The instrument is based on the use of a retractable and exchangeable high-pressure cell, which implies that ultrahigh-vacuum conditions are retained in the analysis chamber and that dual ambient pressure and ultrahigh-vacuum use is possible.
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The use of zone-doubled Fresnel zone plates for sub-20 nm spatial resolution in full-field transmission X-ray microscopy and tomography at the hard X-ray regime (8–10 keV) is demonstrated.
A new measurement capability of real-time dynamic in situ electric polarization in single-crystal ferroelectrics has been developed and tested at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
A two-dimensional imaging system of X-ray absorption fine structure has been developed in the transmission mode and applied to a transient LiMn2O4 cathode during the charging process. The heterogeneous distribution of the Mn oxidation state is demonstrated. The system can be applied to analyze the reaction distribution for the electrode of a Li ion secondary battery.
Carbon contamination of optics in an undulator beamline was removed by exposure to oxygen activated with zeroth-order synchrotron radiation.
A quantitative analysis and detailed interpretation of the first monochromatic X-ray tomography data collected at the Australian Synchrotron's IMBL is reported. Key issues investigated include the role of the point-spread function, phase-contrast effects and harmonic contamination.
An optimized beamline design is presented for hard X-ray full-field microscopy using bending-magnet radiation.
An X-ray resonant scattering study of Fe3O4 has revealed that Fe ions occupying both A and B sites cause the pre-edge peak of XANES spectra at the Fe K absorption edge.
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Nano-polycrystalline diamond has been used to obtain a glitch-free X-ray absorption spectrum under high pressure. The advantage and capability of nano-polycrystalline diamond anvils is discussed by a comparison of the glitch map with that of single-crystal diamond anvils.
Valence electronic structures of three phenyl derivatives are described.
A detailed spectroscopic investigation by SR-XAS on the speciation of iron in pigments of decorated pottery fragments of cultural heritage relevance is described. The experiment has been performed on the Italian beamline for absorption and diffraction (BM8-GILDA) at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble (France).
A sample preparation technique for creating three-dimensional structures for study using X-ray nanotomography (XNT) was developed using focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. A Ni/YSZ solid-oxide fuel cell anode sample produced using this technique was then measured by XNT to observe the suitability of produced samples in XNT analysis.
X-ray-induced radiolysis effects are observed on metal (Fe, W) ions in aqueous solutions to supercritical conditions. Energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy is used to study the kinetics of X-ray-induced radiolysis reactions leading to the oxidation and/or reduction of iron ions in high-temperature aqueous solutions.
New insights into the complex crystallization process in amorphous Ge15Sb85 phase-change material are presented. The structural mechanisms leading to phase separation are analysed using simultaneous calorimetric and quick-EXAFS measurements.
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New aspects of synchrotron Mössbauer microscopy have been reported, including micrometer spatial resolution, forward as well as backscattering geometry, and the ability to measure samples with natural isotopic abundance, such as meteorites.
A grating interferometer designed for biomedical imaging applications was installed at the BL13W beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. With the set-up, in situ carotid artery and carotid vein were visualized in a formalin-fixed mouse using X-rays without contrast agents.
short communications
Quantitative monochromatic X-ray transmissions through zinc wires are systematically investigated. The possible factors which may cause inconsistencies between experimental and estimated transmissions are analyzed.
beamlines
The new synchrotron-radiation circular-dichroism endstation on the UV-visible synchrotron beamline DISCO at the SOLEIL synchrotron is described.
computer programs
PITRE, a software package for processing synchrotron-radiation computed-tomography data, is presented.
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