Chemical state mapping of simulant Chernobyl lava-like fuel containing material using micro-focused synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy

This work elaborates and evaluates approaches to the construction of 2D speciation maps, in an effort to maximize sensitivity to the U oxidation state at the U L₃-edge, applied to a suite of synthetic Chernobyl lava specimens.

A spectroscopic hike in the U–O phase diagram

In situ XANES is a powerful method to collect new experimental data in the U–O phase diagram.

X-ray synchrotron radiation studies of actinide materials

Synchrotron radiation based X-ray scattering techniques provide powerful bulk-sensitive probes for actinide materials. Here, selected experiments showing the potential of these techniques in advancing the knowledge of actinides and their compounds are reviewed.

Thorium(IV) adsorption onto multilayered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene: a batch, X-ray diffraction and EXAFS combined study

The Th^IV adsorption behavior of multilayered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene with controllable interlayer space has been investigated in detail, and the results indicate that the interlayer of MXene provides numerous adsorption sites for hydrated and intercalated samples. The adsorption mechanism has also been deciphered through spectroscopic characterization by EXAFS, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Diamond channel-cut crystals for high-heat-load beam-multiplexing narrow-band X-ray monochromators

Monolithic diamond channel-cut crystals are designed, manufactured and tested to function as high-heat-load beam-multiplexing narrow-band mechanically stable two-bounce Bragg reflection X-ray monochromators for high-power beams at cutting-edge high-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities.

Multilateral surface analysis of the CeB₆ electron-gun cathode used at SACLA XFEL

In this study, firstly the combination of low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), thermionic electron microscopy (TEEM) and synchrotron radiation was applied to the surface analysis of thermionic electron materials. The LEEM, PEEM and TEEM observations have been performed in a single cathode lens microscope, and the mechanism of age-related degradation of the CeB₆ cathodes which have been actually employed at SACLA X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility was elucidated.

A simple method for mitigating error in the fixed-offset of a double-crystal monochromator

Sources of error in the fixed offset between incoming and outgoing beams of a double-crystal monochromator are considered, and in order to correct such errors, a method for calibrating the monochromator crystal gap from measured variation in the X-ray beam height is provided.

Laser heating system at the Extreme Conditions Beamline, P02.2, PETRA III

A laser heating system for samples confined in diamond anvil cells paired with in situ X-ray diffraction measurements at the Extreme Conditions Beamline of PETRA III is presented.

Adaptive feedforward control of closed orbit distortion caused by fast helicity-switching undulators

A new orbit correction scheme based on the adaptive feedforward control (AFC) is presented. The developed AFC technique provides a new option in orbit control for light source stabilization at synchrotron radiation facilities.

Synchrotron CT of an equine digit at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline

The applicability of synchrotron computed tomography (sCT) for the study of equine laminar structures is investigated, as well as its potential to study laminar blood flow. Based on the findings, sCT imaging has the potential to be an important addition to the `tool kit' currently used by researchers aiming to better understand the many factors that can lead to the development of equine laminitis.

First experiments with a water-jet plasma X-ray source driven by the novel high-power–high-repetition rate L1 Allegra laser at ELI Beamlines

An upgraded version of the water-jet plasma X-ray source suitable for handling the 100 W power of the driving 1 kHz optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) L1 Allegra laser system has been installed and commissioned at ELI Beamlines. Hard X-ray generation with the L1 Allegra laser is demonstrated for the first time.

Repeatability and sensitivity characterization of the far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy instrument at the Advanced Photon Source

The positional and angular sensitivity of the far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy instrument at the 1-ID beamline of the Advanced Photon Source was characterized. The instrument is sensitive to approximately 5 µm position and 0.1° angular changes.

Advanced calculations of X-ray spectroscopies with FEFF10 and Corvus

A new approach to facilitate advanced calculations of X-ray spectroscopies using the RSGF X-ray spectroscopy code FEFF10 and the Corvus workflow tool is presented.

Trace-element XAFS sensitivity: a stress test for a new XRF multi-detector

A new multielement X-ray fluorescence detector is presented, specifically designed to probe the chemical speciation of trace 3d elements down to the p.p.m. range.

A practical method for determining film thickness using X-ray absorption spectroscopy in total electron yield mode

The thickness of a thin film formed on a substrate is easily derived using the spectral separation and log equation, which is a modified version of the formula used in the field of electron spectroscopy.

Ground electronic state description of thiourea coordination in homoleptic Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ complexes using sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy in combination with electronic structure calculations defines the ground state bonding in Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ thio­urea complexes. For spectral analysis the S 1s → 3p transition dipole integrals were developed and transition metal ion–thio­urea bond covalencies determined.

In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of TiO₂ photocatalytic active sites for degradation of trace CHCl₃ in drinking water

In this article, photoactive sites such as A1 (4969 eV), A2 (4971 eV) and A3 (4972 eV) in the nano, cluster and atomic dispersed TiO₂ photocatalysts can be distinguished by in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Notably, the A2 active species in the atomic dispersed Ti (Ti-MCM-41) may be responsible for about 95% of the accumulated photocatalytic degradation of trace CHCl₃ in drinking water (i.e. 7.2 p.p.m. CHCl₃ gTiO₂⁻¹ h⁻¹), which may be useful for engineering capable TiO₂ photocatalysts.

Oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of liquids with minimization of window contamination

A high-vacuum compatible liquid sample system for oxygen K-edge X-ray spectroscopy is presented, together with methods for mitigating oxygen contamination of X-ray sample windows.

Polymer thin films as universal substrates for extreme ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy of molecular transition metal complexes

A polymer thin-film deposition method is shown to produce high-quality substrates suitable for both static and time-resolved M-edge XANES spectroscopy.

Combining X-ray excited optical luminescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy for correlative imaging on the nanoscale

A multimodal spectral imaging technique is demonstrated that allows simultaneous acquisition of soft X-ray transmission and X-ray excited optical luminescence. The use of a Fresnel zone plate ensures a lateral resolution of the correlative spectral images of approximately 40 nm.

Determination of the through-plane profile of vanadium species in hydrated Nafion studied with micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy – proof of concept

The profiles of vanadium species inside hydrated Nafion membranes have been determined using micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. This proof of concept study shows how to optimize the procedure with respect to spatial resolution, statistics and species preservation.

Simultaneous two-color X-ray absorption spectroscopy using Laue crystals at an inverse-compton scattering X-ray facility

A proof-of-principle simultaneous two-color XAS experiment on a sample containing both silver and palladium at a laboratory-scale synchrotron facility based on inverse Compton scattering is presented.

Abridged spectral matrix inversion: parametric fitting of X-ray fluorescence spectra following integrative data reduction

An approach is described that both abridges and partially integrates X-ray fluorescence data sets to obtain a fivefold total decrease in processing time.

Time-of-flight photoelectron momentum microscopy with 80–500 MHz photon sources: electron-optical pulse picker or bandpass pre-filter

The small time gap in normal multibunch operation of storage rings is prohibitive for high-resolution time-of-flight spectroscopy but this problem can be solved by two approaches. Electron-optical pulse picking by a GHz beam blanking unit can select any desired pulse period (phase locked to the storage ring) and bandwidth pre-selection reduces the energy band entering the time-of-flight analyzer.

Deep-learning-based image registration for nano-resolution tomographic reconstruction

A deep-learning-based image jitter correction method for synchrotron nano-resolution tomographic reconstruction with superior efficiency and accuracy is presented.

Dual energy X-ray beam ptycho-fluorescence imaging

A novel scheme for simultaneous X-ray ptychographic and fluorescence imaging is presented. The method is based on a dual energy X-ray beam, chromatic focusing optics and an energy discriminating photon counting detector.

Hard X-ray ptychography at Taiwan Photon Source at 11–20 nm spatial resolution

The working of the hard X-ray ptychography technique at Taiwan Photon Source, with 11–20 nm spatial resolution, is demonstrated. Experimental conditions influencing the results are also discussed.

The first infrared beamline at the Middle East SESAME synchrotron facility

The design, construction, performance and operation of the first infrared beamline at the Middle East synchrotron light source facility SESAME is described.

NanoMAX: the hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory

This work is an overview of the multi-modal hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory. The beamline provides an intense and coherent beam, focused to 40–200 nm in the energy range 5–28 eV.

Measurement of the coherent beam properties at the CoSAXS beamline

The coherence properties of the beam provided at the CoSAXS beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory are determined experimentally using multi-mode ptychography. The coherent fraction of the beam is then used for a proof-of-concept XPCS measurement, illustrating the beamline's capabilities.

Optical design and performance of the biological small-angle X-ray scattering beamline at the Taiwan Photon Source

The optical design and performance of the BioSAXS beamline at the Taiwan Photon Source are reported

Advanced X-ray imaging at beamline 07 of the SAGA Light Source

The paper describes the new X-ray imaging resources, including micro-computed tomography (CT), phase-contrast CT, low-temperature CT and time-resolved topography, that are available at beamline 07 of the SAGA Light Source.

Spectral monitoring at SwissFEL using a high-resolution on-line hard X-ray single-shot spectrometer

The characterization and commissioning of the X-ray photon single-shot spectrometer (PSSS) at the Aramis beamline of SwissFEL is presented. The device delivers online, non-invasive, high-resolution single-shot measurements of spectral profiles between 4 and 13 keV.

Beamline K11 DIAD: a new instrument for dual imaging and diffraction at Diamond Light Source

This manuscript summarizes the capabilities of the new DIAD beamline for dual imaging and diffraction (DIAD) at Diamond Light Source, dedicated to quasi-simultaneous, time-resolved imaging/tomography and powder diffraction for 3D microstructure and phase identification/strain analysis studies.

Daiquiri: a web-based user interface framework for beamline control and data acquisition

Daiquiri is a web-based user interface framework for control system monitoring and data acquisition.