Hiromichi Kamitsubo (1933–2017)

Obituary for Hiromichi Kamitsubo

Anisotropy enhanced X-ray scattering from solvated transition metal complexes

The analysis of time-resolved X-ray scattering patterns collected at an XFEL upon photoexcitation of a di-platinum complex in solution is described. The analysis quantitatively considers the anisotropy of the signal.

Quantum regime of a plasma-wave-pumped free-electron laser in the presence of an axial magnetic field

The role of the axial-guide magnetic field on plasma-whistler-pumped free-electron laser operation is studied.

Multifarious injection chamber for molecular structure study (MICOSS) system: development and application for serial femtosecond crystallography at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser

Sample delivery instruments and an experimental chamber (MICOSS system) have been developed and established to successfully conduct serial femtosecond crystallography at the Nano Crystallography and Coherent Imaging experimental station of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser facility.

Compact coherence enhancement by subharmonic self-seeding in X-ray free-electron laser facilities

A simple method to significantly enhance the coherence of X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) pulses by combining self-seeding and the harmonic generation mechanism is presented. This work is a fundamental step towards obtaining fully coherent FEL pulses, solving in this way a critical problem in the FEL field and its multidisciplinary scientific applications. In particular, the coherence improvement will be extremely beneficial for many photon science applications requiring a small bandwidth such as resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, therefore opening new areas of research and playing a crucial role in the future of all scientific users of the FEL facilities.

Time-resolved ion imaging at free-electron lasers using TimepixCam

The application of a novel fast optical-imaging camera, TimepixCam, to molecular photoionization experiments using the velocity-map imaging technique at a free-electron laser is described. TimepixCam is a 256 × 256 pixel CMOS camera that is able to detect and time-stamp ion hits with 20 ns timing resolution, making it possible to record ion momentum images for all fragment ions simultaneously, thus avoiding the need to gate the detector on a single fragment.

An X-ray harmonic separator for next-generation synchrotron X-ray sources and X-ray free-electron lasers

A new optical technique used to extract a specific harmonic of undulator radiation is proposed and the concept was experimentally confirmed using X-ray pulses from SACLA.

Efficiency and coherence preservation studies of Be refractive lenses for XFELO application

A comprehensive study of the performance of beryllium refractive lenses is presented. Combined results of the optical metrology and X-ray tests prove that Be lenses can be used in the X-ray free-electron laser oscillator cavity as an X-ray focusing element.

Multi-channel in situ dynamic light scattering instrumentation enhancing biological small-angle X-ray scattering experiments at the PETRA III beamline P12

A novel in situ dynamic light scattering (DLS) module implemented at the PETRA III EMBL beamline P12 is capable of performing real-time sample solution scoring in parallel with BioSAXS experiments, including a multi-channel DLS detection principle.

High-energy-resolution diced spherical quartz analyzers for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering

A novel diced spherical quartz analyzer for use in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering is introduced, achieving an unprecedented energy resolution of 10.53 meV at the Ir absorption edge.

Qu­antitative investigation of linear arbitrary polarization in an APPLE-II undulator

Polarization calibration of the photon beam produced by an APPLE-II undulator using a multilayer-based soft X-ray polarimeter is presented.

Commissioning of a multi-beamline femtoslicing facility at SOLEIL

The general layout of the femtoslicing facility at SOLEIL is presented.

X-ray position-sensitive duo-lateral diamond detectors at SOLEIL

Standardized production of 40 µm-thick duo-lateral resistive electrode diamond position-sensitive detectors has been elaborated. This new X-ray beam position and intensity monitor has been characterized and a detailed position resolution analysis has been carried out.

Characterization of a quadrant diamond transmission X-ray detector including a precise determination of the mean electron–hole pair creation energy

A transmissive X-ray detector based on ultrahigh-purity single-crystal diamond is fully characterized regarding responsivity, including linearity and homogeneity, transmittance and X-ray scattering. A refined value for the mean electron–hole pair creation energy of diamond is obtained.

Evaluation of the UFXC32k photon-counting detector for pump–probe experiments using synchrotron radiation

The performance of a new hybrid pixel detector is assessed with the aim of providing a single-photon-counting imager for time-resolved experiments presently under preparation at Synchrotron SOLEIL.

Polarization-independent absorption enhancement in a graphene square array with a cascaded grating structure

A graphene absorber, which consists of a graphene square array on top of a dielectric square array backed by a two-dimensional multilayer grating, is designed and investigated.

Transmission of an X-ray beam through a two-dimensional photonic crystal and the Talbot effect

Results of computer simulations of the transmission of an X-ray beam through a two-dimensional photonic crystal as well as the propagation of an X-ray beam in free space behind the photonic crystal are reported.

X-ray reflectivity from curved liquid interfaces

This paper reports the successful implementation of a method that enables the measurement of liquid–liquid and liquid–vapour X-ray reflectivity (XRR) curves using simply a fixed, horizontal source beam, a vertical translation stage and a two-dimensional detector. It will enable studies of liquid interfaces at sources lacking liquid diffractometers, especially ultra-fast XRR measurements via pump–probe techniques at X-ray free-electron lasers.

Automatic Debye–Scherrer elliptical ring extraction via a computer vision approach

An automatic method for the extraction of Debye–Scherrer rings using a computer vision approach is presented. This technique not only introduces a new methodology to help calibrating automatically X-ray powder diffraction measurements but also provides an evaluation measure and two refinement strategies to improve the results.

Real-space analysis of radiation-induced specific changes with independent component analysis

The signal representing specific X-ray radiation-induced changes in crystals can be separated into distinct and statistically independent components by the independent component analysis method performed in real space. These components can be of native or difference electron density map types and can be interpreted in terms of physical processes and chemical and/or biological reactions.

An electrochemical cell with sapphire windows for operando synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopy studies of high-power and high-voltage electrodes for metal-ion batteries

A novel operando electrochemical cell with single-crystal sapphire X-ray windows has been designed for and successfully applied to the investigation of phase transformations and the valence states of the cations in high-power and high-voltage cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.

Nuclear resonance reflectivity from a [⁵⁷Fe/Cr]₃₀ multilayer with the Synchrotron Mössbauer Source

Mössbauer reflectivity experiments performed using the Synchrotron Mössbauer Source at the ESRF demonstrate the high efficiency of such investigations for the analysis and understanding of multilayer structures and magnetization profiles.

Energy-dependent dead-time correction in digital pulse processors applied to silicon drift detector's X-ray spectra

An analytical model that accounts for the variation of dead-time with photon energy is proposed and tested experimentally. It allows accurate compensation for losses in spectra with more than half of the counts below 3 keV at a 56 kHz counting rate and compares favourably with the standard models in all experimental conditions.

Small-angle scattering of polychromatic X-rays: effects of bandwidth, spectral shape and high harmonics

The effects of bandwidth, spectral shape and high harmonics for undulator sources on SAXS measurements are evaluated quantitatively. Monodisperse and polydisperse systems are explored.

Counting-loss correction for X-ray spectroscopy using unit impulse pulse shaping

A new kind of unit impulse pulse-shaping method is proposed based on recursive calculation of a reset-type preamplifier and a C-R shaper. The unit impulse pulses generated in the detector are obtained in order to correct the counting loss in X-ray spectroscopy.

Tris-amidoximate uranyl complexes via η² binding mode coordinated in aqueous solution shown by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory methods

The binding mode and bonding nature between a uranyl cation and amidoxime ligand in aqueous solution were determined for the first time through experimental X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical simulations.

Finite lifetime broadening of calculated X-ray absorption spectra: possible artefacts close to the edge

Accounting for the finite core hole lifetime in X-ray absorption spectra calculation via adding an imaginary component to the energy and via convoluting the spectra on the real axis with a Lorentzian is equivalent only well above the Fermi energy.

Solid energy calibration standards for P K-edge XANES: electronic structure analysis of PPh₄Br

Common solid P K-edge XANES energy calibration standards are reviewed and PPh₄Br is proposed as a potential alternative.

X-ray Raman spectroscopy of lithium-ion battery electrolyte solutions in a flow cell

Electronic structures of commonly used lithium-ion battery electrolyte solutions measured by non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering method are presented.

A Li K-edge XANES study of salts and minerals

The first experimental results at the Li K-edge of a variety of silicate and phosphate minerals are presented. The results are interpreted using information gained from simple Li-bearing salt compounds. The ionicity of the Li—O bond can be estimated using the presence of a weak edge feature as observed in Li metal.

Enhancement of measurement accuracy of X-ray PIV in comparison with the micro-PIV technique

A new two-dimensional velocity field extraction technique to overcome technological limitations is proposed.

Microbubbles containing gadolinium as contrast agents for both phase contrast and magnetic resonance imaging

Microbubbles containing gadolinium as contrast agents for both phase contrast imaging and magnetic resonance imaging are investigated.

MÖNCH detector enables fast and low-dose free-propagation phase-contrast computed tomography of in situ mouse lungs

The high detective quantum efficiency of the novel charge-integrating hybrid detector MÖNCH enables in situ mouse lung imaging at a pixel size of 25 µm in 10 s with an entrance dose lower than 70 mGy, thereby enabling longitudinal in vivo synchrotron free-propagation phase-contrast computed tomography lung studies in mice.

FemtoMAX – an X-ray beamline for structural dynamics at the short-pulse facility of MAX IV

The FemtoMAX beamline facilitates studies of the structural dynamics of materials on the femtosecond timescale. The first commissioning results are presented.

A high-energy-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectrometer at ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

An end-station for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at beamline ID20 of ESRF – The European Synchrotron is described. The spectrometer is optimized for high-energy-resolution applications, including partial fluorescence yield or high-energy-resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy and the study of elementary electronic excitations in solids.

Software for the data analysis of the arrival-timing monitor at SACLA

A software package for data analysis of the arrival-timing monitor at SACLA is presented.

GAPD: a GPU-accelerated atom-based polychromatic diffraction simulation code

GAPD, a GPU-accelerated atom-based polychromatic diffraction parallel simulation code, is presented for direct, kinematics-based, simulations of X-ray/electron diffraction of large-scale atomic systems with mono-/polychromatic beams and arbitrary plane detector geometries.

Real-time diffraction computed tomography data reduction

This paper describes benchmarking of the data analysis pipeline for X-ray diffraction computed tomography and CIF binary format byte-offset decompression on a GPU.

miXAFS: a program for X-ray absorption fine-structure data analysis

miXAFS is a program for analyzing X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) data. It can analyze the XAFS functions simultaneously for all the obtained X-ray absorption edges and provide a surface plot of R-factor against two structural parameters.

Synchrotron Radiation and Free-Electron Lasers. Principles of Coherent X-ray Generation

Absorbed dose calculations for macromolecular crystals: improvements to RADDOSE. Erratum

Corrections to an equation and a figure in the paper by Paithankar et al. (2009). [J. Synchrotron Rad. 16, 152–162] are made.

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