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November 2022 issue
Cover illustration: Dynamics of bio-macromolecular colloidal suspension can occur simultaneously on telescopic length scales (top left) and are quantifiable via temporal decorrelation of coherent X-ray scattering intensities, a technique known as XPCS. At APS 8-ID beamline, the scattered X-ray photons were collected by a 1024 × 512 pixel Rigaku XSPA-500k detector (right) using the 52 kHz frame rate `Zero Dead Time' mode, and diffusive dynamics of viruses as small as 30 nm in diameter were evaluated at a length scale commensurate with the virus size (bottom left). The spatiotemporal resolution of XPCS will improve by orders of magnitudes with even larger pixel-array and implementation of `Burst' mode at the ultra-brilliant fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources (see Switalski, Fan, Li, Chu, Sarnello, Jemian, Li, Wang and Zhang, pages 1429–1435).
facility information
research papers
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The synchrotron Mössbauer source at the ESRF is optimized to match specific demands of each user experiment, allowing users to either improve energy resolution or increase intensity by an order of magnitude.
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A new model named LWF is established to quickly calculate X-ray propagation through a kinoform lens.
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The groove placing errors of X-ray diffraction gratings can be precisely simulated by using a physical optics simulation package. How the groove placing errors influence the energy resolution and the spot profile will be shown. An empirical formula to estimate the precision of manufacturing of the grating is also derived.
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A new fast and lightweight software tool WOFRY1D for coherent mode decomposition of undulator emission is described. It is used to simulate focusing partially coherent beams with X-ray lenses. Results are analyzed and compared with other software packages (COMSYL, SRW and ShadowOui).
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An approach based on machine learning to produce a fast-executing model is introduced that predicts the polarization and energy of the radiated light produced at an insertion device.
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A new analytical model for the transmission function of polycapillary half-lens optics is presented. The model is compared with measurement results taken at the BAMline beamline at BESSY II and at TU Wien, as well as Monte Carlo simulations.
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This work extends the application of 2D speckle scanning techniques to the slope error measurement of weakly focusing reflective X-ray optics.
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A systematic method for evaluation of the single X-ray photon detection limit is presented and single X-ray sensitivity with a commercial detector is demonstrated above 20 keV.
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A demonstration of high-resolution micro X-ray diffraction at high photon energies for highly absorbing samples.
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A picosecond pump–probe resonant soft X-ray scattering measurement system has been developed at the Photon Factory storage ring for highly efficient data collection. A high-repetition-rate high-power compact laser system has been installed to improve efficiency via flexible data acquisition to a sub-MHz frequency in time-resolved experiments.
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A new integration algorithm for converting 2D diffractograms to azimuthally resolved diffraction patterns has been developed, and is able to carry out this function at kilohertz speed on modern hardware.
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Stokes–Einstein diffusion of active Cowpea mosaic virus was measured up to a 69 nm length-scale with 19 µs-resolved X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.
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Using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, the chemical composition of inks was analyzed in a cohort of patients with cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to tattoo. Known inorganic allergenic metals (titanium, chromium, manganese, nickel and copper) were identified in almost all cases as well as azo pigments, quinacridone, carbon black and phthalocyanine.
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A new quick-scanning extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (QEXAFS) system for in situ studies has been developed and tested on the general XAFS beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Tests with different integration times indicated that appropriate parameters not only ensure good experimental results but also enhance the smoothness of the XAFS spectrum at high-energy zones.
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Results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented.
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Statistical properties of the hard X-ray free-electron laser PAL-XFEL were studied by Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry. The results demonstrate high spatial coherence and short average pulse duration of this facility at 10 keV photon energy.
beamlines
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AMX (17-ID-1) is the highly automated macromolecular crystallography beamline at the NSLS-II. Photon delivery system, beamline instrumentation, high-performance computing environment and suites of applications are described for beamline scientists and users. AMX's primary mission is to support routine structure determination from the most challenging projects.
computer programs
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The microscopy research at the Bionanoprobe (currently at beamline 9-ID and later 2-ID after APS-U) of Argonne National Laboratory focuses on applying synchrotron X-ray fluorescence techniques to obtain trace elemental mappings of cryogenic biological samples to gain insights about their role in critical biological activities.
