PETRA IV: the ultralow-emittance source project at DESY

The PETRA IV project aims at upgrading PETRA III into an ultralow-emittance synchrotron radiation source.

Commissioning and first-year operational results of the MAX IV 3 GeV ring

Commissioning and first-year operational results of the MAX IV 3 GeV electron storage ring, the first synchrotron light source to make use of the multibend-achromat lattice to achieve ultralow emittance and high brightness, are presented.

Switching of the harmonic order in free-electron lasers by controlling the density modulation of an electron bunch

Switching of the harmonic order in free-electron laser oscillations by adjusting the dispersive gap of the optical klystron is demonstrated.

One way only to synchrotron light sources upgrade?

The compatibility of sub-picosecond-long photon pulse production with multi-bunch, multi-user operation of synchrotron light sources, and in particular with diffraction limit electron optics designs in the next storage rings generation, is investigated. An alternative method for the time-compression of electron bunches, which is transparent to storage rings operation, is illustrated.

Effects of energy spread on brightness and coherence of undulator sources

The advent of `diffraction-limited' storage rings with ultralow emittance poses a question on possible limitations to the (spectral) brightness and coherence due to the electron beam energy spread. This is studied here using semi-analytical techniques.

Characterization and on-line adjustment of the sagittal-bent Laue crystal profile

The sagittal-bent Laue crystal profile is characterized by optical metrology and synchrotron X-ray experiments. On-line X-ray experiments provide a quick feedback on the crystal-profile adjustment.

High-efficiency coherence-preserving harmonic rejection with crystal optics

A coherence-preserving harmonic-rejection scheme based on parallel crystal optics that achieves a total flux ratio of harmonic radiation to fundamental radiation on the order of 10⁻¹⁰ or lower is reported.

High-speed raster-scanning synchrotron serial microcrystallography with a high-precision piezo-scanner

The design and first measurements with a high-speed piezo-positioner-based goniometer for raster-scanning serial macromolecular micro-focus crystallography at synchrotron storage rings are presented.

In situ study of sigma phase formation in Cr–Co–Ni ternary alloys at 800°C using the long duration experiment facility at Diamond Light Source

The capabilities of the new long duration experiment facility at Diamond Light Source are demonstrated through a study of phase evolution in Cr–Co–Ni alloys using in situ X-ray diffraction.

Classification of ab initio models of proteins restored from small-angle X-ray scattering

A protocol is proposed for classifying structure models of proteins restored by ab initio analyses in small-angle X-ray scattering.

Combining synchrotron light with laser technology in catalysis research

High temporally and spatially resolved operando studies of CO oxidation using a Pd(100) single-crystal surface as a model catalyst are presented. The surface structure is determined simultaneously as the gas phase is visualized in two dimensions in the vicinity of the catalyst surface.

Defect engineering by synchrotron radiation X-rays in CeO₂ nanocrystals

An alternative defect engineering approach has been developed that is based on the effects of radiation damage caused by synchrotron X-ray irradiation.

XMCD studies of magnetic polarization at Mo atoms in CoMo alloy and magnetically coupled Co/Mo multilayers

The induced magnetic moment at Mo atoms in CoMo alloy (reference) and Co/Mo layered systems is investigated by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. A possible role of this moment in antiparallel coupling of the Co layers' magnetization in the Co/Mo system is discussed.

Sub-microsecond-resolved multi-speckle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy with a pixel array detector

Sub-microsecond-resolved multispeckle XPCS spanning nearly eight orders of magnitude in delay times is demonstrated using the UFXC32k area detector in a combination of burst and continuous data acquisition modes.

Characterization of Pd/Y multilayers with B₄C barrier layers using GIXR and X-ray standing wave enhanced HAXPES

Pd/Y multilayers with B₄C barrier layers are characterized using grazing-incident X-ray reflectometry and X-ray standing wave enhanced hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Development of an experimental set-up for low-temperature spectroscopic studies of matrix-isolated molecules and molecular ices using synchrotron radiation

The development and commissioning of an experimental set-up for studying photophysics and photochemistry of molecules in matrix isolation and the ice phase at low temperatures at the Photophysics beamline, Indus-1, Indian synchrotron radiation source, are reported.

Soft X-ray refractive index by reconciling total electron yield with specular reflection: experimental determination of the optical constants of graphite

A new procedure has been developed that determines the complex refractive index of a material in the soft X-ray regime by consistently considering simultaneous measurements of electron yield and reflectance. Demonstrating the efficacy of this procedure in its application to graphite, optical constants have been determined for linearly polarized light incident with p- and s-geometry.

Realization of a scanning soft X-ray microscope for magnetic imaging under high magnetic fields

A scanning soft X-ray microscope for magnetic imaging using an 8 T superconducting magnet, installed at BL25SU, SPring-8, is described. With the instrument the magnetic domain structure of an Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet is demonstrated.

An iterative image reconstruction algorithm combined with forward and backward diffusion filtering for in-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography

A novel iterative image reconstruction algorithm for in-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (IL-PCCT) is presented, which has the potential to reduce the radiation dose while maintaining the high quality of reconstructed images in IL-PCCT.

Advantages of breast cancer visualization and characterization using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast tomography

This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that in-line propagation-based phase-contrast computed tomography of fresh tissues and complete breast specimens can be performed. High-quality images can be obtained using an X-ray dose low enough to allow for a future application in patients, while providing a more accurate characterization of the clinical picture.

Ultrafast X-ray imaging of laser–metal additive manufacturing processes

The high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging technique was synchronized with a custom-built laser-melting setup to capture the dynamics of laser powder-bed fusion processes in situ. Various significant phenomena, including vapor-depression and melt-pool dynamics and powder-spatter ejection, were captured with high spatial and temporal resolution.

Tomosaic: efficient acquisition and reconstruction of teravoxel tomography data using limited-size synchrotron X-ray beams

An approach is demonstrated termed Tomosaic for tomographic imaging of large samples that extend beyond the illumination field of view of an X-ray imaging system.

A comparison of absorption and phase contrast for X-ray imaging of biological cells

The fluence and dose requirements as well as the expected contrast are calculated for X-ray imaging of selected cellular components as a function of photon energy. It is found that a much higher dose is required for phase contrast imaging compared with absorption contrast imaging in the water window.

Time-resolved in situ tomography for the analysis of evolving metal-foam granulates

A setup for time-resolved in situ tomography with up to 25 tomograms s⁻¹ is implemented at the EDDI beamline, BESSY II, Germany. The capabilities of the methods are demonstrated by analysing the foaming behaviour of a metallic foam granulate.

On-chip THz spectrometer for bunch compression fingerprinting at fourth-generation light sources

A successful test of an on-chip THz spectrometer that allows measurement of THz fingerprints for the purpose of bunch compression diagnostics is reported.

Using refractive lenses to provide a variable spot size for Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors

Refractive lenses are used to vary the focal spot size for a Kirkpatrick–Baez X-ray microprobe.

XUV double-pulses with femtosecond to 650 ps separation from a multilayer-mirror-based split-and-delay unit at FLASH

In order to probe the complex dynamics of light–matter interaction on all relevant time scales, a multilayer-mirror-based long-range split-and-delay unit was installed as a part of the CAMP end-station at the FLASH free-electron laser in Hamburg.

CAMP@FLASH: an end-station for imaging, electron- and ion-spectroscopy, and pump–probe experiments at the FLASH free-electron laser

Beamline BL1 at the FLASH free-electron laser facility at DESY was upgraded with new transport and focusing optics for the installation of the new permanent CAMP end-station, a multi-purpose instrument optimized for electron- and ion-spectroscopy, imaging and pump–probe experiments. An overview of the layout, beam transport, focusing capabilities, and experimental possibilities of this new end-station, as well as results from its commissioning and first experiments, are presented.

HAXPES beamline PES-BL14 at the Indus-2 synchrotron radiation source

The HAXPES beamline PES-BL14 installed at the bending-magnet port at the Indian synchrotron, Indus-2, is presented.

High-power-load DCLM monochromator for a computed tomography program at BMIT at energies of 25–150 keV

The design objectives and operational challenges of a wide-beam and high-power-load, in-vacuum, DCLM monochromator are described.

The scanning four-bounce monochromator for beamline I20 at the Diamond Light Source

A scanning four-bounce monochromator that offers an unprecedented level of stability in the incident beam energy resolution and calibration has been developed for a flagship spectroscopy beamline at Diamond Light Source.

A new synchrotron rapid-scanning X-ray fluorescence (SRS-XRF) imaging station at SSRL beamline 6-2

A new large-range rapid-scan X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging station at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource is described. This station uses a continuous rapid-scan system with a scan range of 1000 × 600 mm and a load capacity of up to 25 kg, capable of 25–100 µm precision for elemental XRF mapping and X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a wide range of objects.

APS Data Management System

A description of the Data Management System developed at the Advanced Photon Source is given.

SciPhon: a data analysis software for nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering with applications to Fe, Kr, Sn, Eu and Dy

SciPhon is a software for the reduction of nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering data. Tests and examples of applications to Fe, Kr, Sn, Eu and Dy data are presented.

Improved charge transfer multiplet method to simulate M- and L-edge X-ray absorption spectra of metal-centered excited states

The CTM4XAS software package is extended to simulate the M- and L-edge X-ray absorption spectra of metal-centered excited states of first-row transition metals. The new capabilities of the method are demonstrated by re-interpreting two previous experimental studies.

Synchrotron Methods for Energy Materials. X-ray Studies on Electrochemical Systems